{"id":92,"date":"2017-05-23T13:57:21","date_gmt":"2017-05-23T10:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/facarc\/?page_id=92"},"modified":"2025-09-15T11:53:44","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T08:53:44","slug":"%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"92\" class=\"elementor elementor-92\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23d6d37 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"23d6d37\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be316c7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"be316c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider__text elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8dc8d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d8dc8d2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdf49ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bdf49ec\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b480cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b480cc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f21415 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f21415\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e9217 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"19e9217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"27169303\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693031\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693031\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693031\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693032\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693032\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693032\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693033\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693033\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693033\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693034\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693034\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693034\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693035\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693035\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693035\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693036\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693036\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693036\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693037\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-271693037\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-271693037\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-left\"><\/i>\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693031\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693031\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-fb9bed9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb9bed9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-418eb3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"418eb3f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b3d6d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b3d6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be657eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be657eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0647 674 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (17) \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639 (9) \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631.<\/li><li>\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 .<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693032\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693032\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-2bd03c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2bd03c1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71d454e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"71d454e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34a6b2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34a6b2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bbe059 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8bbe059\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p><ul><li>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 .<\/li><li>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 . \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693033\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693033\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d2952de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d2952de\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82d9ea9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82d9ea9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7244904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7244904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46aa4d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46aa4d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li><li>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\/\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 .<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693034\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693034\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-7288bb8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7288bb8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fde62b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7fde62b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5529bcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5529bcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb959f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb959f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b (\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 &#8230;. \u0627\u0644\u062e) . \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 :<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-13893 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-300x155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"252\" height=\"130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-1024x528.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-768x396.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg 1345w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 252px) 100vw, 252px\" \/><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693035\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693035\" data-tab-index=\"5\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 5;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-8b97a8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b97a8c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0285806 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0285806\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b9861 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86b9861\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b641606 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b641606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><br \/>1- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0635 124 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635 196.<br \/>2- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c &#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 2002\u0645<br \/>3- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8221; \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 2003\u0645.<br \/>4- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (49) \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2003\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 31.<br \/>5- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627 &#8221;\u00a0 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 &#8221; \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2005\u0645 &#8220;.<br \/>6- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 : &#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0649 &#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d -\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2005\u0645<br \/>7 -\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 14 &#8211; 16 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2009<br \/>8- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 17 &#8211; 2010\/4\/19\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 &#8220;.<br \/>9- \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 17 &#8211; 2010\/4\/19\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 .<br \/><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><br \/>1- \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c&#8221;.<\/p><p>2- \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8221; \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;.<\/p><p>3- \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645<br \/>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693036\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693036\" data-tab-index=\"6\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 6;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-679756a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"679756a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e86ff67 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e86ff67\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a235fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a235fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0cc903 e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0cc903\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-870ce86 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"870ce86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-1-300x283-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13785\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f9ad9 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"12f9ad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-1-300x276-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13784\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0641\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f492a elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"a5f492a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"337\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/6-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13787\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/6-1.jpg 337w, https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/6-1-285x300.jpg 285w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9878e70 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"9878e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-1-300x225-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13782\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-293283b elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"293283b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/2-1-300x228-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13783\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201d\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u201c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 247\u0647\u0640 861\u0645\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41aa806 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"41aa806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/5-280x300-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-13786\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0648\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-271693037\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-271693037\" data-tab-index=\"7\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 7;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-306d445 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"306d445\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-213432e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"213432e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7604b4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7604b4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed036f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ed036f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/01-3.pdf\"> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 <\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0647 674 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":71,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-92","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0642\u0633\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0647 674 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0642\u0633\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-15T08:53:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1345\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"694\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\",\"name\":\"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-300x155.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-23T10:57:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-15T08:53:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg\",\"width\":1345,\"height\":694},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\",\"name\":\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cropped-\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631-2-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cropped-\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631-2-2.png\",\"width\":291,\"height\":90,\"caption\":\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0642\u0633\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","og_description":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0647 674 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0642\u0633\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\/","og_site_name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","article_modified_time":"2025-09-15T08:53:44+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1345,"height":694,"url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/","name":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1-300x155.jpg","datePublished":"2017-05-23T10:57:21+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-15T08:53:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/02-1.jpg","width":1345,"height":694},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a2%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#website","url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#organization","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631","url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cropped-\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631-2-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cropped-\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631-2-2.png","width":291,"height":90,"caption":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"portal","author_link":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/author\/portal\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":" <a href=\"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\" rel=\"tag\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0647 674 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":66,"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14165,"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/92\/revisions\/14165"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/71"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arc.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}